Farming of Tuberose
Tuberose is a plant of highly fragrant flowers found in almost all parts of India. Tuberose (Rajnigandha) flower is about 25 mm height, white in color and has the shape of a funnel. The flowers have a characteristic high note aroma. At some places of India tuberose is also known by names like “Anjani,” “Sugandhraj” and in Urdu it is known as “Gul-E-Shabbo.” In German it is called “Tuberosa,” in French it is pronounced as “tubereyuz, ” and in Spanish it is christened as “Tubeyroozah.” In aroma and flower industry tuberose flowers have a prominent place because of its lingering fragrance, longevity, and transportability.
Suitable Climate for Tuberose:
This is a plant propagated through the bulb and can be grown in any clean soil. But loamy and sandy soils are considered best for its large scale harvest. The large scale farming at the professional level of tuberose plant is done in West Bengal, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, UP, Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Tuberose plants tend to provide us with flowers in 80-90 days. Flowers bloom during April-September in plains and during June-September in rough areas. It can be grown throughout the year in regions where the temperature difference in day and night is not much significant. Tuberose is a plant of cold climate but can be grown throughout the year in average temperatures. The most suited temperature for tuberose growth and development is 20-30° C.
Land selection and preparation for Tuberose cultivation:
Tuberose can be cultivated in almost all kind of soil which is slightly acidic or little bit alkaline. Loamy sand or loam with good aeration and water supply and having pH in the range of 6.5-7.5 is best suited. For cultivating Tuberose, two imp factors must be pondered before. First-The farm or bed of flower must not be the shady area. They need a good sunlight. Second-The farm r bed must have good supply and drainage of water. First of all the soil in Farm or bed or pot must be made soft and uniform because this plant is propagated through bulb and preparation must be done to ensure the bulb’s appropriate development. Especially, weeding must be done before seeding. Otherwise, the wedding will be difficult later on.
Kinds of Tuberose:
According to shape and size of flower and leaf color, it is classified into three types.
Single:
Mexican single, Mexican ever-blooming and Kolkata single have white color flowers and have only one row of petals on them.
Double:
Kolkata double has a white flower, and upper part of leaves is rosy. Petals are arranged in several rows, by which the center of the flower is not visible.
Semi-double.
Goldline: This is like ‘double’ kind, but have the lesser petals-a row of 4-5 petals. Due to its attractive colors and varieties, it is respectively known as Gold line and Silver line.
Seeding of Tuberose:
Its bulb can be sown during March-May. The diameter of the bulb must be or greater that 2cm. Always the healthy and fresh bulb must be used. Bulb, according to its size and with respect to soil type must be sow to the depth of 4-7 cm and 20-30 cm from line to line and while sowing the distance between bulbs must be 10-12 cm. The soil must be well hydrated before sowing the bulbs. In 1 hectare area, 1.2-1.5 Kg bulbs are required.
Irrigation for Tuberose:
Good hydration is required while seeding the bulbs and when they sprout, watering must be avoided. During summers, watering must be done at the interval of 4-7 days and at an interval of 10-12 days during winters. Irrigation must be planned, considering whether plant growth and soil type.
Weeding:
As per the need and at least once in a month weeding and tilling must be done with the help of scrapper and hands.
Insect Control in Tuberose:
Tuberose is not infested and other ailments are not found in it. For controlling insects the decoction of Neem mixed with Cow urine must be sprinkled on the crop.
Harvesting of Tuberose:
Tuberose yields us with flowers after 3-5 months. For getting cut flower, the whole spike is detached from a plant. Spike must be detached after sprouting of 2-3 more flowers from it.
Flower at its full bloom must be taken away for getting essential oils out of it.
On average 2-6 florets/spikes can be picked daily. This way 50Kg florets can be reaped daily from 1-hectare land.
The growth of Tuberose:
In the first year, the harvest of the
Tuberose flower is around 150-200 quintal per hectare while in the second year it is around 200-250 quintal. After that, harvest tends to decrease. Through Tuberose crop 2.3 lacs spikes per hectare or 15-20 ton loose flower per hectare and 15-20 ton
Tuberose bulbs and lattes per hectare provide with extra earnings.